Nutrition in 3D

Nutrition 2.0: Nutrigenomics

Are we entering a new era in nutrition? If Nutrition 1.0 was all about organics, Whole Foods, functional beverages, isolated nutrients and bioactives, globalization of the food supply, and science and technology as the drivers of feeding the world’s growing population, what does the future hold?

In a previous blog Top 10 Natural Product Trends of the Past Decade…the influence of such factors as sustainability, local food systems, superfoods and the internet were touched upon briefly. What do you see as the most likely trends in nutrition and wellness over the next decade? I am going to pick some of my own and discuss them one by one in greater detail over the next few weeks. Today let’s start with a cutting-edge area of scientific research, nutrigenetics:

Nutrigenomics/ Nutrigenetics - the role of genetic variation and dietary response and the role of nutrients in gene expression (from International Society of Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics).

Although a number of home tests and nutrigenomic supplements are currently available, many scientists believe that the research is too early stage to accurately determine the specific genetic idiosyncrasies of an individual and recommend a supplement program based on the test results. Nevertheless, this is a very promising area of research which can reduce the ‘shotgun’ approach of most supplement programs and dietary recommendations. For example, despite the American Heart Association’s call for Americans to lower their fat intake to reduce cholesterol levels and cardiovascular disease risk, a significant portion of the general population does not respond (cholesterol levels and heart disease risk remain elevated) to this dietary advice.

How does nutrigenomics work? First DNA is collected, usually by swabbing the inside of the mouth, CSI-style, and the sample is sent off to the test kit’s laboratory. After a week or more, a report is completed which outlines the individual’s genetic risk for certain diseases based upon measuring SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms, pronounced “snips”). SNPs are slight variations in an individual’s genetic makeup which influence an individual’s susceptibility to certain factors that can increase their risk for disease. The DNA assessment kit usually costs between $100-500+ depending on the type and number of tests. The most common maladies and functions that are tested for genetic risk include cardiovascular disease, antioxidant status, osteoarthritis, chronic inflammation and bone health although new tests are being developed and launched frequently for other measurements.

As an example, one test examines oxidative stress as an indicator of antioxidant status. Genetics influence how well the body can quench oxygen radicals, hydrogen peroxide and protect cell walls from environmental toxins and pollutants. Certain SNPs are key to controlling oxidative stress. How well these SNPs work can determine the risk of certain diseases including cancer, heart disease, aging and Alzheimer disease. In theory, an antioxidant supplement can then be formulated for an individual’s specific genetic strengths and weaknesses.

Let’s now turn our attention to some of the companies and supplements involved with nutrigenetics:

GeneLink/ GeneWize - a public company [Nasdaq (OTC) BB:GNLK.OB] and one of the leaders in the field, GeneLink offers at home DNA test kits, supplements and topical anti-aging/skin care products specifically designed to address genetic risk factors. Through its network marketing division, GeneWize, an at home business opportunity is available. In 2007, GeneLink signed an agreement with Solgar Vitamin and Herb, a respected supplement brand owned by NBTY that is sold exclusively in independent health food stores and select pharmacies. According to company literature, the Solgar NutrigenomX line included 12 pre-made products (GeneWize custom formulates nutritional and cosmoceutical products based upon the results of the test) which were recommended based upon an individual’s DNA assessment results. The health food store retailer provided his customer with the test kit for a fee - around $120 - and the subsequent Solgar supplements once the test results come back. Slow sales and regulatory concerns led to the discontinuation of the Solgar NutriGenomX line in 2008.

Interleukin Genetics (NYSE AmEx ILl) - partnered with the Quixtar division of Amway. In addition to the usual tests, Interleukin offers tests for weight loss and periodontal disease through the Inherent Health subsidiary, an ecommerce website. Amway’s independent representatives can then tailor a supplement program based upon the test results and of course using the Nutrilite range of nutraceutical products.

Other Nutrigenomic companies:

23andme
Genetic Nutrition (supplements based upon GeneLink DNA test)
Wellgen

Conclusion - there is little doubt that nutrigenomics will be the driver of personalized supplement (and other lifestyle recommendations) programs in the near future. More research is necessary before this occurs, but DNA testing for genetic variances in nutrient-disease risk states can be a useful tool in developing one’s own supplement regimen if the cost isn’t a concern.

Whole Foods ANDI Score….ranking superfoods.

On a recent trip to my local Whole Foods, I noticed a new program called ANDI - Aggregate Nutrient Density Index - displayed on shelf talkers (those little cards attached to the shelf under a product facing), store signs and in a pamphlet. The ANDI score shows the nutrient density per calorie of a food based on a 1 to 1000 scale. The higher the ANDI score, the higher the nutrient concentration. Kale and other green leafy vegetables in addition to cruciferous veggies scored the highest, 550-1000 due mainly to their low caloric content and high nutrient concentration. Berries (130-212), other fruits & vegetables (ex. carrot 336, cauliflower 295, pomegranate juice 193), seeds, beans, whole grains and nuts.

I understand why nutrient-dense, low calorie foods would score the highest…and with so many Americans overweight or obese, ANDI’s purpose…but is watercress (1000) really 30 times ‘better’ for you than walnuts (34)? Broccoli (376) 3 1/2 times ‘better’ than an orange (109)? Seems a bit arbitrary to me.

I am more of a believer in ‘there are no good or bad foods…only good and bad dietary practices’. An occasional hot dog, soda, banana split (insert favorite ‘evil’ food here) or trip to the fast food restaurant won’t hurt you …or the environment…if the bulk of your diet is balanced and healthy. Choose organic whenever possible. Lots of fresh fruits and vegetables, in season, and preferably local. Whole grains. Raw nuts and seeds. Mostly plant food but grass fed, non-CAFO, local lean source meats and poultry OK in moderation (2-3 times per week?). Sustainable seafood. Non-fat or low fat dairy, preferably cultured…and try goat’s milk dairy products for a change.

Instead of superfruits…or superfoods…we should think Superdiets.

Top 10 Natural Product Trends of the Past Decade in the U.S.

Everyone seems to be publishing their top ten lists of 2009 and the decade. I am searching for the Top Ten list of Top Ten lists. In the meantime, I thought it might be fun to look back on the most important trends in natural products in the U.S. since the year 2000. In no particular order:

Superfood and superfruits: the explosion of products from exotic, nutrient-rich superfoods arguably began in the network marketing industry. Morinda, the Tahitian Noni company, grew to an estimated $750 million+ in annual sales during the early part of the decade, trailblazing the superfruit concentrated juices that eventually gave rise to Xango, Mona Vie and other large, successful MLM’s. Pom pomegranate juice brought superfruits to the mass market consumer. Once Acai and Mangosteen juices appeared in Costco, a niche product category went mainstream. Food Marketers jumped on the bandwagon, and such diverse foods as almonds, raisins, yogurt, greens and goji berries were repositioned or introduced as the latest superfoods.
Conscious shopping (green, sustainable, social justice): Organic products – foods (produce, dairy, meats, grains, beverages, etc.) and non-foods (supplements, personal care, clothing, etc) – reached $25 billion in sales in the U.S.in 2009 vs. $1.0 billion at the beginning of the decade. Approximately 93% of all organic product sales are foods, which now account for almost 3.5% of total U.S. food sales. And Fair Trade Products (mostly coffee, chocolate) accounted for $4.2 billion in 2008. Sources: Organic Trade Association, Mintel, Fair Trade Labeling Organizations International
The Internet: Vitacost, iHerb, Vitamin Shoppe (which complemented their brick and mortar stores with a strong online effort) and other etailers grew yearly revenues past the $100 million for online supplement sales. Heavy discounts and selection drove consumers to their computers for their supplement purchases. Online sales of natural products were the fastest growing distribution channel for supplements and natural products over the decade. Consumers increasing look to the internet for information on supplements, natural products and health concerns, valuing the interactivity, convenience (24/7/365) and richness of content that the web can provide.
Natural Products in the Media – although South Beach, Atkins and diet/weight loss stilled reigned supreme in the media, other topics in natural health proved to be popular with consumers. A representative selection:

Books: the best seller lists included The Omnivore’s Dilemma and others by Michael Pollan; Food Politics by Marion Nestle; The End of Food by Paul Roberts; Organic Inc. by Samuel Fromatz; Animal, Vegetable Miracle: A Year of Food Life by Barbara Kingsolver; Fast Food Nation (which was made into a movie) by Eric Schlosser; Plenty: Eating Locally on the 100-Mile Diet by Alisa Smith and J.B. Mackinnon.

Movies: Foodies, activists and health food fans flocked to movies houses to watch the protagonist throwing up his umpteenth Big Mac in Supersize Me; the mechanization of our food supply in the seldom seen but excellent Our Daily Bread; the story behind the legendary castile soup in Dr. Bonner’s Magic Soapbox; the food industry’s detrimental effects on our health and environment in Food Inc; the effects of biotechnology lead by major multinational agribusinesses and government on family farms, the environment, health and feeding the world in The Future of Food, King Corn, and We Feed The World. And of course Al Gore’s An Inconvenient Truth brought climate change into bookstores, movie theatres, churches and wherever it message of “we better do something now!” resonated and grew awareness for the environmental movement.

John Mackey, Founder & CEO of Whole Foods Markets, became an internet darling and later was vilified as a result of his often controversial postings on his blog.

Italy’s Slow Food movement landed in the U.S. to preach its mission of local, sustainable foods.

Local economies and food – Farmer’s markets spread across the land. Buying local products, supporting local retailers, and keeping jobs and money in the community became the mantra for many conscious consumers. Food miles, buying in season, CSA’s, and the 100 mile diet linked food production and distribution to climate change.
Less is more – you can’t get more local than a home garden…food is transported over feet, not miles! The economic recession in the U.S. and worldwide during the later 2 years of the decade drove interest and sales in home gardening, value priced natural products (cheap or premium pricing…there is no middle ground), home cooking, self-help, alternative/preventative medicine, repurposing, simplicity and other ‘back to the basics’ practices.
Whole Paycheck – the influence that Whole Foods has had on the natural products industry over the past decade can not be overestimated. Its success and practices have recently caused a backlash from many who believe that they have become too big and too influential on the natural product’s industry. Criticized for their high prices, produce shipped many miles for off-season availability, and preponderance of over-processed, over-packaged ‘natural’/ organic food products in the stores’ center, their positive impact on making organic products mainstream, charitable and social contributions, and selection of premade healthy foods (deli, salad bar) is often overlooked.
China – like all things American in the 2000’s most of our natural products began to take root in China via ingredient sourcing and later manufacturing. Lower costs drove the move which later in the decade experienced a backlash due to suspect quality and numerous food safety issues. The melamine contamination of pet foods which resulted in a significant number of animal deaths increased the debate regarding country of origin labeling and more stringent quality control procedures such as the GMP’s. While many ingredient suppliers spent considerable time and money on quality assurance, employee training and laboratory testing, it was difficult to compete on price with the so called ‘laptop brokers’ who didn’t invest in infrastructure to insure better quality products.
Foods and novel delivery forms – Red Bull and other energy drinks as well as enhanced bottled water (so called vitamin waters) lead the growing popularity of nutraceuticals and functional foods over the past 10 years. Superfood combinations and ingredients and superfruit juices were another example. Although the beverage and bar categories were and remain the leading delivery forms, others became well accepted by consumers: effervescent tabs (Airborne) and stick packs (ex. Healthy to Go), softchews (Viactiv) and those tiny omnipresent Quick Shot bottles (5 Hour Energy).
Sustainability – the last trend of the 00’s is likely to be the most important driver of business and consumer behavior regarding natural products over the next decade. Sustainability – or how natural products can lessen their ‘footprint’ on energy consumption, carbon emissions, pollutants, habitat destruction, and social injustices – will drive product development, packaging, distribution and all the elements of the supply chain. Pangea Organics took environmental consciousness beyond their organic bodycare line by offering packaging that is not only biodegradable and 100% post-consumer paper. Organic seeds such as basil and amaranth are imbedded in their packaging which is meant to be planted in the soil after use. Organic herbs and supplements, fair trade bananas and green packaging are all growing in availability and popularity.

Let me know what you think of my list. Is there a trend that you think should have made the top ten that isn’t on the list? Or disagree with a trend on the list?

Nine out of Ten Milk Thistle Supplements Don’t Meet Label Claim

Milk thistle, a popular herb used for liver health, diabetes, and mushroom poisoning, can be found in most health food stores and online retailers in the U.S. A recent analysis of milk thistle supplements by Consumerlab.com (CL) found that only one of the ten milk thistle supplements that they tested met label claims.

Milk thistle is a German Commission E monographed herbal medicine with a long history of use. Many clinical studies have shown health benefits for milk thistle extract, standardized to provide a consistent potency of its major active compound, the antioxidant silymarin. Consumerlabs found that most products contained only 47-67% silymarin. And 2 out of the 10 products tested failed to list the part of the plant used, which is an FDA requirement.

Clinical studies have demonstrated an effective dose of milk thistle to be 400-600 mg daily of a 70-80% silymarin extract. Milk thistle is expensive, and these results questions whether purchasers of milk thistle supplements are getting both the value that they expect from the products and the expected health benefits at the lower dosage.

What to do? Jarrow’s brand was the only milk thistle product to pass CL’s tests. And buyer beware…you can get a subscription to consumerlabs.com for less than $30 per year. If you spend a lot on supplements, or have a serious illness and taking supplements under a doctor’s supervisions for your ailment, seems to be money well spent to learn which products meet label claims, are safe and effective.

www.consumerlab.com

Are your vitamins killing orangutans?

Not trying to be an alarmist, just wanted to write an attention-getting headline! But this controversial issue is unknown by many health food shoppers with strong environmental concerns…is red palm oil, a major source of natural beta carotene and other carotenoids, and tocotrienols (vitamin E forms in nature), responsible for deforestation and endangering orangutans to the point of extinction?

Palm oil is a major food ingredient which was almost ubiquitous in processed foods (ex. hydrogenated palm oil) until links to heart disease and other health concerns reduced its popularity in the U.S. a number of years ago. Still, it is a major vegetable oil used in margarine, shortening, and as a cooking oil worldwide. In the past few years, vitamins such as beta caroetene, mixed carotenoids (ex. alpha carotene, lycopene) and tocotrienols are being derived from palm oil.

Greenpeace, the World Wildlife Fund and other environmental organizations have spoke about the link between palm oil production and the deforestation of rain forests, lowland forests and other natural habitats of endangered animals such as the orangutan. Other eco-friendly organizations have called for boycotts of palm oil and foods that contain it.

With D.salina, an algae, a better choice for the environment - and large apes such as orangutans - is available as an alternative source of beta carotene and other mixed carotenoids. Look for Betatene ™ or D. salina on your supplement label to insure that you are getting a natural source of beta carotene and other carotenoids (synthetic beta carotene contains no other carotenoids and was linked to an increased mortality in smokers in a large, controversial study a number of years ago) that doesn’t come from palm oil.

www.worldwildlife.org/species/finder/orangutans/orangutans.html

www.greenpeace.org/usa/news/the-orangutan-s-rainforest-hom/the-orangutan-under-threat

Introduction

Locovore or Omnivore? Organic foods and biodynamic wines. Fair trade, shade grown, organic coffee. Raw Foods. Acai Diet vs. Eco-Nutrition. Food Politics. 3D Nutrition considers the deeper aspects of the foods we eat and choices that we make daily…how they affect the environment, the well-being of others, and of course our own health and wellness.

This blog is meant to inform, incite, encourage and most importantly, serve as a ‘town square’ for a community who is interested in sharing their perspectives on natural health and wellness on a deeper level than your typical “lose 20 pounds in 4 weeks” diet sites. I believe that there are many important environmental and social issues involving natural products, foods and health that aren’t being discussed or addressed. We will leave no stone-ground unturned.